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. 2011 Jul 13;4(7):1019–1031. doi: 10.3390/ph4071019

Table 3.

Antiviral activities of Echinacea species.

Echinacea sp. and plant part Susceptible viruses References
E. purpurea aerial parts Influenza virus A (human and avian); influenza B; HSV-1 and -2; coronavirus; respiratory syncytial virus; rhinoviruses [18,19,22,26]
E. purpurea roots Influenza A, HSV-1 [23]
E. angustifolia aerial parts Influenza A, HSV-1, rhinovirus [22]
E. angustifolia roots HSV-1 [23]
E. pallida, aerial parts & roots HSV-1 and -2 [24]
E.sanguinea, inflorescence HSV-1, influenza A [20]
Other species Weak or no activity [20]