Table 5.

Cytokines/chemokines induced by viruses (+) and reversed by Echinaforce^®.

Cytokine	RV	FluV	RSV	Ad 3
IL-1a	+	+	+	+
IL-5				+
IL-6	+	+	+	+
IL8 (CXCL-8)	+	+	+	+
TNFα	+	+	+	+
GROα	+	+	+
CCL-3			+	+
CCL-4			+	+

RV, rhinovirus; FluV, influenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; Ad 3, adenovirus type 3.