Table 1.
Characteristics of studies on robotic rectal surgery
| Ref. | Country | Year | Study type | No. of robotic patients | Gender M:F | Mean age (yr) | BMI (kg/m2) | Robotic Technique |
Type of operation |
|||
| AR/LAR | ISR | APR | Hartmann's operation | |||||||||
| Baik et al[24] | South Korea | 2009 | Comparison | 56 | 37:19 | 60.0 | 23.4 | Hybrid | 56 | - | - | - |
| Ng et al[40] | Singapore | 2009 | Case Series | 8 | 5:3 | 55.01 | - | Hybrid | 8 | - | - | - |
| Patriti et al[37] | Italy | 2009 | Comparison | 29 | 11:18 | 68.0 | 24.0 | Hybrid | 19 | 5 | 5 | - |
| Bianchi et al[38] | Italy | 2010 | Comparison | 25 | 18:7 | 69.0 | 24.6 | Total/hybrid | 18 | - | 7 | - |
| Pigazzi et al[32] | United States, Italy | 2010 | Case Series | 143 | 87:56 | 62.0 | 26.5 | Total/hybrid | 80 | 32 | 31 | - |
| Zimmern et al[33] | United States | 2010 | Case Series | 58 | 34:24 | 60.9 | 27.5 | Hybrid | 47 | - | 11 | - |
| Baek et al[34] | United States | 2011 | Comparison | 41 | 25:16 | 63.6 | 25.7 | Hybrid | 33 | 2 | 6 | - |
| Koh et al[41] | Singapore | 2011 | Case Series | 20 | 13:8 | 61.0 | 23.8 | Total | 19 | - | 1 | - |
| Kwak et al[25] | South Korea | 2011 | Comparison | 59 | 39:20 | 60.01 | 23.3 | Total | 54 | 5 | - | - |
| Leong et al[26] | South Korea | 2011 | Case Series | 29 | 23:6 | 61.51 | 23.3 | Total | - | 29 | - | - |
| Park et al[27] | South Korea | 2011 | Comparison | 52 | 28:24 | 57.3 | 23.7 | Hybrid | 52 | - | - | - |
| Kim et al[28] | South Korea | 2012 | Comparison | 100 | 71:29 | 57.0 | 24.0 | Total | 100 | - | - | - |
| Park et al[35] | United States | 2012 | Case Series | 30 | 16:14 | 58.01 | 27.6 | Reverse-hybrid | 5 | 19 | 6 | - |
| Shin et al[29] | South Korea | 2012 | Comparison | 17 | - | - | - | Total/hybrid | 17 | - | - | - |
| Erguner et al[42] | Turkey | 2013 | Comparison | 27 | 14:13 | 54.0 | 28.3 | Total | 27 | - | - | - |
| Kang et al[30] | South Korea | 2013 | Comparison | 165 | 104:61 | 61.2 | 23.1 | Total | 164 | - | - | 1 |
| Park et al[31] | South Korea | 2013 | Comparison | 40 | 28:12 | 57.3 | 23.9 | Hybrid | - | 40 | - | - |
| Stanciulea et al[43] | Romania | 2013 | Case Series | 100 | 66:34 | 62.0 | 26.0 | Total/Hybrid | 77 | - | 23 | - |
| D’Annibale et al[39] | Italy | 2013 | Comparison | 50 | 30:20 | 66.0 | - | Total | 502 | - | - | - |
| Fernandez et al[36] | United States | 2013 | Comparison | 13 | 13:0 | 67.9 | - | Hybrid | 5 | - | 8 | - |
| Total | 1062 | 680:382 | 61.1 | 24.9 | 831 | 132 | 98 | 1 | ||||
1
median value;
2
TME: Paper did not specify operation. AR: Anterior resection; LAR: Low anterior resection; ISR: Intersphincteric resection; APR: Abdominoperineal resection.