Table 1.

Effects of intensive glucose control on the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease

Study	HbA1c		Outcome of albuminuria or renal events
	Intensive treatment	Conventional treatment
ACCORD[45]	6.4% vs 7.6%		21% ↓ in onset of microalbuminuria
			32% ↓ in progression to macroalbuminuria
ADVANCE[46]	6.5% vs 7.3%		9% ↓ in onset of microalbuminuria
			30% ↓ in progression to macroalbuminuria
			21% ↓ in renal events
			New onset macroalbuminuria
			Doubling of serum Cr
			Kidney replacement therapy
			Death due to kidney disease
VADT[47]	6.9% vs 8.4%		32% ↓ in progression from normal to microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria
			37% ↓ in progression from normal to microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria
			34% ↓ in any increase in albuminuria

ACCORD: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes; ADVANCE: Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation; VADT: Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.