. 2014 Jun 16;2:56. doi: 10.3389/fped.2014.00056

Table 4.

Association of severe sepsis with abnormal SIRS and OD metrics.

Measure	Association based on cases having ≥1 abnormal value					Association based on cases having ≥1 abnormal value
	at time of initial tool firing					at any time during hospital encounter
	% Of gold	Relative	Total	p	Early	% Of gold	Relative	Total	p	Late
	standard sepsis	risk of ≥1	number of		indicator	standard sepsis	risk of ≥1	number of		indicator
	cases with	abnormal	patients		of severe	cases with	abnormal	patients		of severe
	≥1 abnormal	value^a	measured		sepsis^b	≥1 abnormal	value^a	measured		sepsis^c
	value		or tested			value		or tested
Temp. or WBC count or % banding	100	4.0	7, 377	< 0.0001	✓	100	4.0	7, 377	< 0.0001
Temp. corrected HR or RR	97.4	9.7	7, 392	< 0.0001	✓	97.4	9.7	7, 392	< 0.0001
Temp. corrected HR	81.6	13.8	7, 392	< 0.0001	✓	84.2	14.2	7, 392	< 0.0001
Temperature	67.6	3.4	7, 369	< 0.0001	✓	84.2	4.3	7, 370	< 0.0001
Temp. corrected RR	60.5	9.6	7, 390	< 0.0001	✓	89.5	14.0	7, 390	< 0.0001
Neutrophil % banding	59.3	3.2	358	< 0.0001	✓	61.3	3.2	364	< 0.0001
Use of mechanical ventilation	57.9	137.5	7, 402	< 0.0001	✓	68.4	157.5	7, 402	< 0.0001
White blood cell (WBC) count	55.6	1.8	2, 033	0.003	✓	78.4	2.5	2, 036	< 0.0001
Prothrombin time (PT)/INR	50.0	25.9	273	< 0.0001	✓–	47.1	24.4	276	< 0.0001
ALT or AST level	42.3	6.4	1, 147	< 0.0001	✓–	45.7	6.9	1, 157	< 0.0001
Systolic blood pressure	42.1	13.6	7, 337	< 0.0001	✓–	65.8	21.0	7, 337	< 0.0001	✓
CNS function	39.4	10.4	7, 326	< 0.0001		60.5	15.9	7, 332	< 0.0001	✓
Peripheral pulse strength (weak)	34.3	73.1	6, 857	< 0.0001		50.0	106.6	6, 860	< 0.0001	✓–
Lactate	33.3	2.5	65	0.19		19.0	1.4	74	0.50
Base deficit	32.0	2.5	285	0.02		48.5	3.9	296	< 0.0001	✓–
Lactate + base deficit	27.3	2.8	52	0.15		19.0	2.0	62	0.43
Capillary refill time	25.7	13.0	7, 139	< 0.0001		47.4	24.0	7, 142	< 0.0001	✓–
Use of supplemental O₂ w/o vent	23.7	12.9	7, 402	< 0.0001		55.3	29.3	7, 402	< 0.0001	✓
Use of vasoactive agents	13.2	242.2	7, 402	< 0.0001		31.6	465.1	7, 402	< 0.0001
Creatinine	11.8	31.6	1, 917	< 0.0001		10.8	29.1	1, 922	< 0.0001
Platelet count	8.8	7.9	2, 012	0.008		24.3	21.0	2, 018	< 0.0001
Bilirubin	3.8	2.3	1, 118	0.36		8.6	5.2	1, 128	0.02

^a Calculated as the ratio of the incidence of cases with ≥1 abnormal value of the measure among gold standard severe sepsis (GSSS) cases to the incidence among non-GSSS cases.

^b Measures for which >50% of gold standard severe sepsis cases exhibit abnormal values at the time of initial tool firing are denoted as stronger early indicators of severe sepsis with the symbol “✓.” Measures for which 40–50% of gold standard severe sepsis cases exhibit abnormal values at the time of initial tool firing are denoted as weaker early indicators of severe sepsis with the symbol “✓–.”

^c Measures for which <50% of gold standard severe sepsis cases exhibit abnormal values at the time of initial tool firing and >50% of gold standard severe sepsis cases exhibit abnormal values at any time during the hospital encounter are denoted as stronger late indicators of severe sepsis with the symbol “✓.” Measures for which <40% of gold standard severe sepsis cases exhibit abnormal values at the time of initial tool firing and 40–50% of gold standard severe sepsis cases exhibit abnormal values at any time during the hospital encounter are denoted as weaker late indicators of severe sepsis with the symbol “✓–.”