Table 2.

Risk of childhood cancer in first-degree relatives of 4,482 pediatric cases diagnosed in Utah from 1966 to 2009

	Index cases	Matched controls	First-degree relatives, any cancer at ages 0–18
			Relatives of cases		Relatives of controls
			Diagnosed	Undiagnosed	Diagnosed	Undiagnosed
	N		N				OR (95% CI)	p
Cancer of pediatric case
Any cancer, ages 0–4	1,552	7,760	32	6,226	52	33,460	3.6 (2.3–5.5)	<10–7
Any cancer, ages 0–18	4,482	22,410	49	18,476	148	102,803	2.0 (1.4–2.7)	<10–4
ICCC-3 classification, ages 0–18
Leukemias, myeloproliferative	1,150	5,750	12	4,455	33	25,615	2.3 (1.2–4.6)	0.01
CNS and intracranial/intraspinal	870	4,350	20	3,607	29	19,843	4.6 (2.6–8.1)	<10–6
Lymphomas, reticuloendothelial	578	2,890	4	2,426	25	14,060	1.0 (0.4–2.9)	0.99
Other epithelial and melanomas	480	2,400	9	2,172	24	11,344	2.0 (0.9–4.3)	0.08
Soft tissue, other sarcomas	304	1,520	3	1,205	12	6,993	1.7 (0.5–6.2)	0.39
Malignant bone tumors	258	1,290	6	1,047	10	6,340	4.7 (1.7–13.0)	<0.01
Neuroblastoma, nervous cell	254	1,270	3	1,030	11	5,750	1.8 (0.5–6.3)	0.38
Germ cell tumors	262	1,310	2	1,118	7	5,996	1.5 (0.3–7.3)	0.60
Renal tumors	203	1,015	6	897	0	4,989	Undetermined	–
Retinoblastomas	87	435	2	347	2	1,928	5.7 (0.8–39.0)	0.08
Hepatic tumors	60	300	0	235	1	1,231	Undetermined	–

Cases compared to controls matched 5:1 on sex, birth year and birthplace (in Utah or outside of Utah).

Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio from conditional logistic regression; ICCC-3: International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Third edition¹³; CNS: central nervous system.