Table 3.
Index cases | Matched controls | Second-degree relatives, any cancer at ages 0–18 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relatives of cases |
Relatives of controls |
|||||||
Diagnosed | Undiagnosed | Diagnosed | Undiagnosed | |||||
Cancer of pediatric case | N | N | OR (95% CI) | p | ||||
Any cancer, ages 0–4 | 1,552 | 7,760 | 31 | 11,320 | 60 | 53,493 | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) | <10–4 |
Any cancer, ages 0–18 | 4,482 | 22,410 | 61 | 35,603 | 170 | 172,459 | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | <10–4 |
ICCC-3 classification, ages 0–18 | ||||||||
Leukemias, myeloproliferative | 1,150 | 5,750 | 19 | 8,903 | 46 | 41,256 | 2.0 (1.2–3.3) | 0.01 |
CNS and intracranial/intraspinal | 870 | 4,350 | 13 | 6,719 | 33 | 32,776 | 1.9 (1.0–3.7) | 0.05 |
Lymphomas, reticuloendothelial | 578 | 2,890 | 4 | 4,776 | 21 | 23,690 | 1.0 (0.3–2.3) | 0.92 |
Other epithelial and melanomas | 480 | 2,400 | 11 | 3,791 | 22 | 18,990 | 2.5 (1.2–5.2) | 0.01 |
Soft tissue, other sarcomas | 304 | 1,520 | 4 | 2,245 | 13 | 11,959 | 1.7 (0.6–5.2) | 0.36 |
Malignant bone tumors | 258 | 1,290 | 3 | 2,262 | 11 | 10,927 | 1.3 (0.4–4.8) | 0.65 |
Neuroblastoma, nervous cell | 254 | 1,270 | 7 | 1,959 | 8 | 9,186 | 4.1 (1.5–11.1) | 0.01 |
Germ cell tumors | 262 | 1,310 | 4 | 2,091 | 11 | 10,230 | 1.8 (0.6–5.8) | 0.30 |
Renal tumors | 203 | 1,015 | 6 | 1,707 | 0 | 8,155 | Undetermined | – |
Retinoblastomas | 87 | 435 | 1 | 659 | 4 | 3,017 | 1.3 (0.1–11.2) | 0.84 |
Hepatic tumors | 60 | 300 | 1 | 459 | 3 | 1,811 | 1.3 (0.1–12.2) | 0.85 |
Cases compared to controls matched 5:1 on sex, birth year and birthplace (in Utah or outside of Utah).
Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio from conditional logistic regression; ICCC-3: International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Third edition13; CNS: central nervous system.