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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 16.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2013 Jun 12;133(10):2444–2453. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28266

Table 3.

Risk of childhood cancer in second-degree relatives of 4,482 pediatric cases diagnosed in Utah from 1966 to 2009

Index cases Matched controls Second-degree relatives, any cancer at ages 0–18
Relatives of cases
Relatives of controls
Diagnosed Undiagnosed Diagnosed Undiagnosed
Cancer of pediatric case N N OR (95% CI) p
    Any cancer, ages 0–4 1,552 7,760 31 11,320 60 53,493 2.5 (1.6–3.9) <10–4
    Any cancer, ages 0–18 4,482 22,410 61 35,603 170 172,459 1.8 (1.3–2.4) <10–4
ICCC-3 classification, ages 0–18
    Leukemias, myeloproliferative 1,150 5,750 19 8,903 46 41,256 2.0 (1.2–3.3) 0.01
    CNS and intracranial/intraspinal 870 4,350 13 6,719 33 32,776 1.9 (1.0–3.7) 0.05
    Lymphomas, reticuloendothelial 578 2,890 4 4,776 21 23,690 1.0 (0.3–2.3) 0.92
    Other epithelial and melanomas 480 2,400 11 3,791 22 18,990 2.5 (1.2–5.2) 0.01
    Soft tissue, other sarcomas 304 1,520 4 2,245 13 11,959 1.7 (0.6–5.2) 0.36
    Malignant bone tumors 258 1,290 3 2,262 11 10,927 1.3 (0.4–4.8) 0.65
    Neuroblastoma, nervous cell 254 1,270 7 1,959 8 9,186 4.1 (1.5–11.1) 0.01
    Germ cell tumors 262 1,310 4 2,091 11 10,230 1.8 (0.6–5.8) 0.30
    Renal tumors 203 1,015 6 1,707 0 8,155 Undetermined
    Retinoblastomas 87 435 1 659 4 3,017 1.3 (0.1–11.2) 0.84
    Hepatic tumors 60 300 1 459 3 1,811 1.3 (0.1–12.2) 0.85

Cases compared to controls matched 5:1 on sex, birth year and birthplace (in Utah or outside of Utah).

Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio from conditional logistic regression; ICCC-3: International Classification of Childhood Cancer, Third edition13; CNS: central nervous system.