Table 4.
Region | Schizophrenia Patients (n=186) | Healthy Volunteers (n=176) | Percent Difference | Full Sample Effect Size Cohen’s d/n80 | Weighted Mean Effect Size Cohen’s d/n80 | Meta-analysis Cohen’s d Haijma medicated/antipsychotic naive | Meta-analysis** Cohen’s d/n80 Shepherd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pallidum | 1792 (193) | 1700 (184) | 5.44 | 0.490/53 | 0.732/24 | 0.26 | 1.06LH to 1.34RH/10–12 |
Hippocampus | 4156 (428) | 4302 (409) | −3.41 | −0.350/102 | −0.391/81 | −0.52/−0.43 | −0.38 to −0.58/48–110 |
Putamen | 57101 (620) | 5566 (592) | 2.60 | 0.239/218 | 0.443/64 | 0.10 | 0.21LH to 0.24RH/274–357 |
Lat. Ventricle | 8429 (4832) | 7378 (4614) | 14.25 | 0.222/252 | 0.312/127 | 0.45 | 0.39RH to 0.51LH/62–105 |
ICV | 1488 (165) | 1523 (163) | −2.26 | −0.209/284 | −0.182/370 | −0.17/−0.14 | |
Amygdala | 1648 (204) | 1681 (195) | −1.95 | −0.165/455 | −0.090/1528 | −0.31 | −0.38 to −0.72/32–110 |
Caudate | 3755 (483) | 3714 (461) | 1.08 | 0.085/1713 | 0.102/1123 | −0.03/−0.38 | −0.06RH to 0.06LH/4362 |
Thalamus | 7287 (675) | 7311 (643) | −0.33 | −0.037/9033 | −0.098/1263 | −0.31/−0.68 | −0.18 to 0.33/486–146 |
n80 = number of subjects per group needed, assuming an equal number of subjects per group, for 80% power to detect a difference at p<0.05.
= Cohen’s d of volume difference between medicated schizophrenia patients and healthy controls based on the Haijma et al. (2012) meta-analysis of structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia
= Percent difference and Cohen’s d of volume difference between chronic schizophrenia patients and healthy controls based on the Shepherd et al. (2012) meta-review of structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia; LH = for left hemisphere; RH = for right hemisphere Lat. Ventricle = Lateral Ventricle; ICV = Intracranial Volume.