Table 1.

Studies evaluating 25% albumin vs. placebo for the diuresis of critically ill patients

Reference	Type of study	Study population	Study intervention	Study outcome
[14]	Non-randomized trial	Surgical ICU patients	Salt-poor albumin (n = 8) versus furosemide alone (n = 5); all patients received furosemide	Improved oxygenation as measured by ADO2 at 2 hours
[17]	Retrospective observational study	Medical ICU patients (n = 31)	Case patients received 25% albumin; control patients did not; all patients received furosemide infusion	No change in urine output or fluid balance
[18]	Randomized controlled trial	Mechanically ventilated patients with congestive heart failure ( n  = 30)	250 mg frusemide diluted in 12.5 g albumin at a rate of 0.1 mg frusemide/kg/hour versus furosemide infusion alone	No difference in urine output or fluid balance at 24 hours
[15]	Retrospective observational study	ICU patients	Cases patients (n = 30) received at least four doses of 100 ml 25% albumin; control patients (n = 25) received no albumin	No change in oxygenation, hemodynamics; higher positive fluid balance in cases
[19]	Randomized controlled trial	Mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS ( n  = 40)	100 ml of 25% albumin every 8 hours versus placebo; furosemide infusion	Improved oxygenation, greater net negative fluid balance, better maintenance of hemodynamic stability
[16]	Prospective matched case-control study	Mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury or ARDS	Case patients (n = 57) received 200 ml of 20% albumin and Lasix infusion; control patients (n = 57) received usual care	Lower net fluid balance, shorter ICU stay, reduced duration of mechanical ventilation; lower mortality

Randomized trials highlighted in bold text. ADO₂, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; ICU, intensive care unit.