Table 3.

Hazard Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval of Coronary Heart Disease Mortality According to Intake Frequency of Western-Style Fast Food Items: Singapore Chinese Health Study

	No Intake	Intake of 1–3 Times a Month	Intake of 1 Time a Week	Intake of ≥2 Times a Week	P for Trend
CHD deaths, n/N	784/25 810	503/21 133	51/3006	59/2635
Rate	256	245	235	313
Model 1: HR (95% CI)	1.00	0.99 (0.89–1.11)	1.09 (0.82–1.45)	1.36 (1.04–1.78)	0.046
Model 2: HR (95% CI)	1.00	1.02 (0.92–1.16)	1.19 (0.89–1.59)	1.56 (1.18–2.06)	0.0026

CHD indicates coronary heart disease; HR, hazard ratio; and CI, confidence interval. Rate indicates the crude CHD mortality rate per 10 000 person-years. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, year of interview, dialect, education, smoking, alcohol, sleep, physical activity, and body mass index. Model 2: model 1 plus adjustment for nutritional factors (intake of soft drinks, juice, Eastern snacks and dim sum, vegetables, fruit, soy, rice, noodles, other pork and red meat, and total energy).