Table 3.
Viral genome loads (GC L−1) in sewage sludge obtained by concentration methods following detection using qPCR.
Sampling date* | Viral groups | |||||||
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HAdV | RV-A | NoV | HAV | |||||
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Methods | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
January | 2 × 104 | 7.4 × 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
February | 0 | 9.4 × 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.6 × 106 | 0 |
0 | 1.8 × 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
March | 0 | 1.1 × 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 4.9 × 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.4 × 105 | 0 | 0 | |
April | 3.1 × 104 | 3.6 × 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 2.5 × 104 | 0 | 8 × 105 | 0 | 4.6 × 105 | 0 | 0 | |
May | 0 | 1.1 × 105 | 0 | 8 × 103 | 2.4 × 104 | 4 × 105 | 0 | 0 |
June | 0 | 0 | 2 × 104 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 8.7 × 104 | 0 | 2.4 × 105 | 1.6 × 104 | 5.4 × 104 | 0 | 0 | |
July | 0 | 5.3 × 104 | 0 | 4 × 105 | 4.9 × 105 | 1.2 × 105 | 0 | 0 |
2 × 104 | 7.4 × 104 | 0 | 1 × 105 | 5 × 104 | 2.4 × 104 | 0 | 0 | |
Frequency of detection | 25% | 91% | 8% | 41% | 33% | 50% | 8% | 0 |
Method 1 = ultracentrifugation, Method 2 = beef extract.
Samples were collected twice per month (except in Jan and May) with a 15 days intervals.