Oct4 reactivation and promoter demethylation in adult neural stem cells/progenitors (NSCs) after G9a knockdown. (A): A schematic drawing of the Oct4 promoter with 16 CpG sites located between the proximal enhancer and exon 1. Bisulfite sequencing analysis was performed using genomic DNA extracted from CIPOE, Z-Red ESCs, fusion clone B3, CIPOE-shCon, and CIPOE-shG9a NSCs. (B, C): Conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (B) and quantitative real-time PCR (C) were used to compare the mRNA abundance of Oct4 in CIPOE, Z-Red ESCs, fusion clone B3, CIPOE-shCon, and CIPOE-shG9a NSCs. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 3; *, p < .01, Student’s t test). Abbreviations: GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; shCon, control short hairpin RNA; shG9a, G9a-targeted short hairpin RNA.