Table 1.

Experimental groups: clinical/histopathology analyses and serology

Group1	Days after challenge2	Pathology/histology3	Viral DNA4	NS ab5	NS ab	Plas ab6	Plas ab
				Pre-chall	After chall	Pre-chall	After chall
Gp 1: Virus + Em
841	99	No MCF lesions	NDet	67	79	82	58
920	99	No MCF lesions	NDet	24	89	44	60
221	98	No MCF lesions	NDet	63	66	42	44
983	98	No MCF lesions	NDet	30	50	132	248
001	91	No MCF lesions	NDet	195	118	72	109
371	89	No MCF lesions	NDet	151	138	79	220
675	89	No MCF lesions	NDet	44	70	89	114
635	63	MCF Lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia	32.6	35	96	47	449
101	42	Mild MCF lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia	32.5	55	220	37	421
Gp 2: Virus + Em +CpG
105	98	No MCF lesions	NDet	72	118	89	149
106	98	No MCF lesions	NDet	40	66	116	198
706	97	No MCF lesions	NDet	85	66	75	73
679	96	No MCF lesions	NDet	29	17	81	128
236	91	No MCF lesions	NDet	9	24	64	214
162	90	No MCF lesions	NDet	64	97	133	218
663*	90	Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis	33.6	6	234	51	931
400678	41	Mild MCF lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Mild pneumonia	37.5	0	300	60	324
065	35	MCF Lesions: Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis in multiple tissues. Pneumonia	27	0	408	26	299
Gp 3: Virus + CpG
666	90	No MCF lesions	NDet	0	25	46	50
021	89	No MCF lesions	NDet	19	19	23	68
169	89	No MCF lesions	NDet	50	64	85	139
201027	65	Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia	27.6	0	40	0	0
273	36	MCF Lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia	26.2	0	0	0	220
Gp 4: Adjuvant
658	88	No MCF lesions	NDet	0	0	0	0
101027	60	Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation	30.3	0	0	0	0
249	36	Mild MCF lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis in the brain and liver only	NDet	0	90	0	104
925	36	MCF Lesions. Lymphocytic inflammation and vasculitis. Pneumonia	24.7	2	74	0	0
986	27	MCF lesions: Lymphocytic vasculitis in multiple tissues. Pneumonia	30	0	15	0	81

¹Em = emulsigen adjuvant, CpG = oligoCpG adjuvant.

²Time from challenge to euthanasia/post-mortem examination.

³Tissues in this analysis were: brain, lung, liver, kidney, prescapular lymph node, alimentary tract epithelium and mesenteric lymph node.

⁴Viral DNA was assayed in terminal blood samples by qPCR to give a specific and internally-controlled diagnostic test. Data are expressed as Ct values – the cycle number at which specific amplification was first detected. Moderate/severe MCF usually has values in the range 21–29. NDet = specific amplification of AlHV-1 DNA not detected (but control actin-specific PCR was detected). *This animal had histological evidence of infection.

⁵Nasal secretion antibody (NS ab) titres pre-challenge and after challenge with virus.

⁶Plasma antibody (Plas ab) titres pre-challenge and after challenge with virus.

Animals in groups 1, 2 and 3 received the same dose of vaccine (1 mL of 10⁷ TCID₅₀ per mL) for both prime and boost, given intramuscularly and in groups 1 and 2 contained 20%(v/v) Emulsigen. Control animals in group 4 received virus-free culture medium with Emulsigen prepared and administered in the same way. Animals in all groups were challenged 23 weeks after boost with 10 mL of 10^3.8 TCID₅₀/mL of virulent AlHV-1 given intranasally. For mild MCF lesions, Viral DNA in the tissues can be below detection level.