TABLE 1.

Sociodemographic statistics, proportions of children comprehending and producing, and correlations between comprehension and production by country by HDI for whole sample (2 ; 00–9 ; 11)

		Child age		Child gender	Predominant spoken language(s)	Comprehension		Production		Comprehension–production correlation
Country	n	M	SD	% Female		M	SD	M	SD	r Φ
High HDI
Montenegro	940	5;1	2;3	48.5	Serbian	0.94	0.25	0.97	0.26	0.06 ns
Serbia	3065	4;10	2;3	48.1	Serbian	0.95	0.22	0.93	0.24	0.06
Macedonia	3266	4;6	1;11	50.7	Macedonian	0.97	0.18	0.96	0.20	0.34
Albania	1636	5;11	2;2	45.1	Albanian	0.96	0.21	0.94	0.24	0.52
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2526	4;7	2;2	50.6	Bosnian, Serbian	0.99	0.11	0.98	0.14	0.25
Medium HDI
Thailand	12911	5;9	2;3	48.3	Thai	0.99	0.12	0.95	0.21	0.18
Belize	830	5;8	2;2	52.0	Spanish, Kriol, English	0.95	0.22	0.95	0.21	0.24
Jamaica	1630	5;7	2;3	48.1	English	0.96	0.20	0.97	0.18	0.34
Mongolia	3478	5;2	2;3	47.6	Mongolian	0.98	0.14	0.96	0.20	0.26
Uzbekistan	4933	5;7	2;3	47.6	Uzbek	1.00	0.07	0.99	0.08	0.53
Yemen	2512	5;6	2;3	48.8	Arabic	0.93	0.25	0.93	0.25	0.34
Ghana	3240	5;7	2;2	49.1	Ashante, Ewe, Fanti	0.96	0.19	0.97	0.16	0.23
Bangladesh	36987	5;6	2;3	48.6	Bengali	0.98	0.13	0.98	0.13	0.24
Low HDI
Central African Republic	6825	5;3	2;2	49.7	Sango, French	0.94	0.23	0.92	0.28	0.27
Sierra Leone	5308	5;5	2;2	49.3	Kiro	0.95	0.22	0.90	0.30	0.31
HDI n/a
Iraq	11 163	5;4	2;3	47.9	Arabic	0.96	0.20	0.94	0.24	0.30
Total	101 250	5;5	2;3	48.6		0.97	0.16	0.96	0.20	0.21a

notes : Unless otherwise noted, all phi correlations are p<0.001.

^aWeighted and normalized average correlation.