Table 3. Effects of EDCs on Leydig cell function in immature rodents^*.

EDCs	Exposure period	Dosage	Effects	Refs.
Lead	Neonatal	200 or 2000 ppm from PND 0 – 21	↓ LC populations in adult life	[144]
			↓ Steroidogenic enzymes, serum and testicular testosterone
			↓ Weights of sex organ
DEHP	Prepubertal	10 mg/kg/day from PND 21 – 35	↓ Testosterone production	[145]
			↓ Steroidogenic enzyme productions
BPA	Perinatal	2.4 μg/kg/day from GD 12 – PND 21	↓ Serum testosterone and LH levels	[146]
			↓ Steriodogenic enzymes gene expression
Mixture of BPA and DEHP	Perinatal	10 mg/kg/day from GD 0 – PND 21	↓ Gene expression levels of AMH, AR, StAR	[61]
			↓ Serum FSH, testosterone and progesterone levels and these persist in mature offsprings
Cadmium chloride	Prenatal	0.5 mg/kg GD 13 – 17	↓ Fetal and adult serum testosterone levels	[147]
			↓ Steroidogenic enzyme expression

^*This Table is not intended to be exhaustive, only selected examples were used to highlight the effects of EDCs on Leydig cell function in immature rodents. Other references can be found in recent reviews [32,142,143]. PND: Postnatal day; GD: Gestation day.