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. 2014 Jun 16;9(6):e98994. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098994

Table 3. Sites used to test the proposed ecosystem-based approach to assess the status of the P. oceanica ecosystem. MPA: Marine Protected Area. NTZ: No Take Zone.

Site Region Protection status Pressure
Espardell Balearic Islands (Spain) MPA, Natura 2000 Artisanal fishery
Sitges Spanish Catalonia Natura 2000 Pollution, artisanal and recreational fishery, sedimentation
Tossa de Mar Spanish Catalonia Natura 2000 Artisanal and recreational fishery
Medes Islands Spanish Catalonia MPA, NTZ, Natura 2000 River mouth
Peyrefite Bay French Catalonia MPAa Artisanal fishery, anchoringb
Niolon (Côte Bleue) Provence (France) MPA, Natura 2000 River mouth, artisanal fishery, trawling
Prado Bay, Marseilles Provence (France) Coastal development, artisanal fishery, nutrients
Plateau des chèvres, Marseilles Provence (France) MPAc, Natura 2000 Artisanal fishery, sewage outfall,
Saint Cyr Bay Provence (France) Coastal development, artisanal fishery, sewage outfall
Gulf of Giens Provence (France) Sewage outfall, artisanal fishery, trawling
Porquerolles Island, northern coast Provence (France) MPA, Natura 2000 Trawling, artisanal fishery, anchoring
Porquerolles Island, southern coast Provence (France) MPA, Natura 2000 Trawling, artisanal fishery
Bagaud Pass, Port-Cros Island Provence (France) National Park, MPA, Natura 2000 Artisanal fishery, anchoring
Port-Cros Island, southern coast Provence (France) National Park, MPA, Natura 2000 Artisanal fishery
Villefranche-sur-Mer Bay French Riviera Coastal development, sewage outfall artisanal fishery, anchoring
Scandola, Elbu Bay West Corsica (France) MPA, Natura 2000 Artisanal fishery
Valincu Gulf West Corsica (France) Artisanal fishery
a

This area is close to the Natural Marine Reserve of Cerbère-Banyuls. Since October 2011, this area has been included within a natural marine park (‘Parc naturel marin du golfe du Lion’).

b

Since 2010, anchoring is banned.

c

Since May, 2012, this area has been included within a National Park (‘Parc national des Calanques’). However, it is unlikely that this new status would have already resulted in a perceptible effect.