Table 2. Characteristics of observational studies included in the qualitative analysis.

Author	Year	Country	N	Population	Co-morbidities	Samples analyzed	Molecular assays	Reported outcomes
								LOS	Death	ICU	Oxygen req.
Aramburo [35]	2011	US	80	Children <5yo	IC, C-R	NPs	RT-PCR	yes	yes	no	no
Camargo [36]	2012	Brazil	41	Adults & Children	IC, C-R, Other	NPs	RT-PCR	no	yes	yes	no
Calvo [33]	2008	Spain	172	Children <2yo	C-R, Other	NPAs	RT-PCR	yes	no	no	no
Canducci [1]	2008	Italy	150	Children <2yo	Undefined conditions	NPAs	RT-PCR	yes	no	no	yes
Choi [16]	2010	S. Korea	72	Adults	IC, C-R, Other	NPs and BAL	RT-PCR	no	yes	no	no
Cilla [37]	2008	Spain	178	Children <3yo	IC, C-R, Other	NPAs	RT-PCR kit, Qiagen	yes	no	no	yes
De Paullis [34]	2011	Brazil	176	Children <2yo	C-R, Other	NPAs	RT-PCR	yes	yes	yes	no
Do [21]	2011	Vietnam	222	Children <15yo	None	NPAs, TS, NS	RT-PCR kit, Seeplex	yes	no	yes	yes
Esper [17]	2011	US	226	Adults & Children	None	NPAs	RT-PCR kit, Invitrogen	no	no	no	yes
Franz [18]	2010	Germany	375	Children <16yo	C-R, Other	NPAs	RT-PCR	yes	no	no	yes
Garcia Garcia [32]	2006	Spain	69	Children <2yo	C-R, Other	NPAs	RT-PCR kit, Qiagen OneStep	yes	no	no	no
Garcia Garcia [38]	2010	Spain	539	Children <14yo	Other	NPAs	RT-PCR kit, Qiagen OneStep	yes	no	no	yes
Gerna [22]	2008	Italy	47	Children <2yo	None	NPAs	RT-PCR	yes	no	no	no
Guerrier [15]	2013	Cambodia	551	Children <5yo	C-R	NPAs	RT-PCR kit, Biomérieux	yes	yes	no	yes
Marcos [39]	2009	Spain	181	Adults	IC, C-R, Other	NPs and OPs	xTAG RVP FAST, Luminex	yes	no	no	no
Marguet [40]	2009	France	126	Children <2yo	Other	NPAs	RT-PCR	yes	no	no	no
Martin [19]	2012	US	566	Children	IC, C-R, Other	Nasal wash	RT-PCR	yes	no	yes	yes
Nascimento [14]	2010	Brazil	77	Children <2yo	C-R, Other	NPAs	RT-PCR kit, Qiagen	no	no	yes	no
Nascimento [2]	2011	Brazil	11	Children <5yo	none	NPAs	RT-PCR	yes	no	no	no
Prill [23]	2012	US	113	Children <5yo	C-R, Other	Nasal & TS	RT-PCR	yes	no	yes	yes
Rhedin [24]	2012	Sweden	308	Children <17yo	IC, C-R	NPAs, NPs, BAL	RT-PCR kit, Qiagen	yes	yes	yes	no

Legend: N = number, LOS = Length of stay, ICU = admission to the intensive care unit, ILI: influenza-like illness, CAP: community acquired pneumonia; IC: immunocompromised; C-R: cardio-respiratory ARI: acute respiratory infections; NPAs: Nasopharyngeal aspirates; NPs: nasopharyngeal swabs; Ops: oropharyngeal swabs; TS: throat swabs: RT-PCR: real-time PCR. Studies, which included commercial assays (RT-PCR) were labeled as RT-PCR kit, with the mention of the manufacturer.