Table 5.

Comparison of d _N /d _S values for sex-biased genes to unbiased genes for brain, tail, and gonad tissues

	Brain			Tail			Gonad
	(N)	dN/dS	p-value	(N)	dN/dS	p-value	(N)	dN/dS	p-value
All
Unbiased	7386	0.097		5466	0.100		1667	0.099
Male-biased	105	0.082	0.015	279	0.096	0.474	1350	0.122	< 0.0001
Female-biased	653	0.129	< 0.0001	266	0.119	< 0.0001	1984	0.112	< 0.0001
Autosomal
Unbiased	6061	0.096		4383	0.100		1328	0.097
Male-biased	96	0.084	0.083	221	0.094	0.576	1111	0.122	< 0.0001
Female-biased	542	0.131	< 0.0001	199	0.119	< 0.0001	1561	0.111	< 0.0001
Single Tissue
Unbiased	2018	0.094		504	0.124		104	0.135	(< 0.0001)
Male-biased	74	0.077	0.061	179	0.091	0.00014	1070	0.122	0.0038 (< 0.0001)
Female-biased	310	0.130	< 0.0001	98	0.122	0.337	1368	0.108	0.00014 (< 0.0001)
Multiple Tissue
Unbiased	4043	0.096		3879	0.097		1224	0.094
Male-biased	22	0.107	0.929	42	0.107	0.452	41	0.105	0.336
Female-biased	232	0.132	< 0.0001	101	0.116	0.0017	193	0.131	< 0.0001
Highly expressed
Unbiased	2220	0.079		1103	0.090		550	0.084
Male-biased	23	0.076	0.328	50	0.102	0.120	684	0.125	< 0.0001
Female-biased	183	0.115	< 0.0001	40	0.104	0.191	499	0.112	< 0.0001

We first compare mean d_N/d_S values for all sex-biased genes (FDR < 0.1 and median fold-change: brain 1.5 fold; tail 1.7 fold; gonad 3.5 fold) to unbiased genes (FDR > 0.1, log₂CPM > 2). We then compare sex-biased genes mapped to autosomal linkage groups only. We also compare those expressed only in a single tissue and multiple tissues separately. In the single tissue gonad set we also compared d_N/d_S to unbiased genes on autosomal linkage groups only (p-values given in brackets). Finally, we compared only highly expressed genes (>32 CPM). For each comparison we give the number of genes (N), the mean d_N/d_S, and p-value, with p-values less than 0.0001 in bold.