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. 2014 Jun 17;8:161. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00161

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Copyright © 2014 Scimemi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The cellular and sub-cellular distribution of GABA transporters. (A) Schematized morphology of cortical pyramidal neuron (top) and of the distribution of GAT1 (green) and GAT3 (blue) at synaptic contacts onto these cells (bottom). (B,C) As in A, for Purkinje (B) and thalamic relay neurons (C). At GABAergic synapses onto cortical neurons, GAT1 and GAT3 are expressed mainly in pre-synaptic terminals and in neighboring astrocytic processes, respectively. Purkinje neurons lack neuronal GABA transporters; Bergmann glia cells express GAT3. GABA uptake at synaptic contacts onto thalamic relay neurons is mediated by GAT1 and GAT3. Both transporters are located in astrocytes: GAT1 is located closer to the synapse and clears GABA released during phasic events; GAT3 is located further away and regulates the basal, tonic GABA concentration in the extracellular space (Beenhakker and Huguenard, 2010).