Circadian expression of genes related to metabolic signaling in POMC neurons in the hypothalamus of EGFP-POMC mice under DD. A, Daily rhythms in the mRNA levels of the Pomc gene in POMC neurons isolated by LCM from the hypothalamus. B–E, Daily rhythms in the mRNA levels of metabolic related genes (Stat3, B; Asb4, C; Sirt1, D; Pgc1a, E) in POMC neurons. The mRNA level of Pomc or other metabolic gene at each time point was normalized with the Gapdh mRNA value, and the ratio was used to calculate the percentage of the maximum value over a 24-hour or a 48-hour period. *, **, ***, Significantly different (P < .05, P < .01, P < .001, respectively) from the lowest value, as per a one-way ANOVA with the Dunnett posttest. Black bar represents the dark period. Data are mean ± SEM of five to six animals per time point.