Table 3.

Traditional usage and methods of preparation of P. bleo.

Purpose	Method of preparation	References
Detoxification and prevention of cancer	Making tea by boiling the leaves and/or the fruit and then drinking it warm or cool	[27–30]
Dietary purposes and health maintenance	Eating the raw leaf, flower, and fruit	[19, 28]
Health maintenance and revitalizing the body	Making juice from the leaves and boiling in water and drinking every morning	[30]
To alleviate muscleache	Making decoction from the leaves and then using as a warm bath for muscle ache	[29]
To alleviate stomachache	Preparing “ina kuamakalet”: the inflorescence is mixed with the excrements of red ants by using a special mortar and then moistened with water. The resulted mass is moulded to oval shape objects which are dried in sun. When using the remedy, these balls are rubbed in a small container with a small amount of water.	[29]
To treat hemorrhoid, hypertension, diabetes, infections, headache, and inflammatory conditions (rheumatism and asthma)	No information is available in the literature.	[28, 31, 32]
To neutralize the effects of the snakebites	No information is available in the literature.	[33]