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. 2014 Jun 17;8:165. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00165

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Copyright © 2014 Hosking and Lane.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CXCR2 drives neutrophil infiltration into the CNS during acute JHMV infection. C57BL/6 mice were infected with JHMV and their brains removed at the indicated time points. (A) mRNA for CXCR2, CXCL1, and CXCL2 are upregulated within the brains of JHMV infected mice. (B) Immunofluorescence staining reveals that the majority of CXCL1 (green) co-localizes with GFAP+ (red) astrocytes. (C) Representative FACS plots depicting the average frequency of neutrophils at day 3 are shown in panel. (D) Neutralization of CXCR2 blocks neutrophil (Ly6G⁺CD11b⁺) infiltration into the CNS. (E) CXCR2 neutralization results in 100% morality by day 11 pi (shaded area indicates the treatment period) and (F) elevated viral loads within the brains of treated mice. NRS = normal rabbit serum treated mice. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 compared to NRS-treated mice.