Table 1.

The effects of weight loss, exercise, and dietary interventions on lipoprotein composition

Author	Participants	Intervention	Study Type	Subfraction Method	Results	Ref
Weight Loss and Exercise
Mantyselka, et al.	683	Moderate weight loss	Cohort	NMR spectroscopy	Moderate weight loss: Large HDL-P↑, small LDL-P↓	11
Varady, et al.	60	Alternate day fasting (ADF); calorie restriction (CR); endurance exercise (EE)	Randomized, controlled	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	ADF: LDL-P size↑, LDL-P↓	12
					CR: LDL-P size↑
					EE: large HDL-P↑
Bhutani, et al.	64	ADF+EE; ADF; EE	Randomized, controlled	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	ADF+EE: LDL-P size↑, small LDL- P↓	13
					ADF: LDL-P size↑
					EE: insignificant
Huffman, et al.	204	Aerobic exercise	Randomized, controlled	NMR spectroscopy	LDL-P↓, LDL-P size↑, HDL-P size↑	14
Diet
Guay, et al.	12	High fat diet; low fat diet	Randomized, double-blind, crossover	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	High fat: LDL-P size↑, large LDL- P↑, small LDL-P↓	15
Faghihnia, et al.	63	High fat diet; low fat diet	Randomized, crossover	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	High fat: LDL-P size↑, medium LDL-P↑, very small LDL-P↓, Lp(a)↓	16
LeCheminant, et al.	35	Low fat diet; low carbohydrate diet	*Quasi-experimental	NMR spectroscopy	Low carb: LDL size↑, large LDL- P↑, large HDL-P↑, small HDL- P↑	17
Blesso, et al.	37	Whole eggs + low carbohydrate diet (EGG); yolk-free egg substitute + low carbohydrate diet (SUB)	Single-blind, parallel design	NMR spectroscopy	EGG: LDL-P size↓, HDL-P size↑↑ SUB: LDL-P size↓, HDL-P size↑	18
Bogl, et al.	48	Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) intake	Cohort twins	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	Higher n-3 PUFA intake: large HDL-P↑, small HDL-P↓	19

^*Each of the 6 clinic sites was assigned as either low carbohydrate or low fat