Fig. 3.

High magnification of fracture callus sections (×128). (A) Control mice show large areas of cartilaginous external callus with abundant hypertrophic chondrocytes and endochondral bone formation. (B) Mice treated with alcohol alone show smaller areas of cartilaginous callus and less evidence of endochondral ossification or hypertrophic chondrocytes. (C) LiCl treatment of saline-treated mice does not affect callus tissue composition. (D) LiCl treatment normalized the histological phenotype of binge alcohol-treated mice, resulting in the reappearance of cartilaginous external callus with associated hypertrophic chondrocytes and zones of endochondral ossification.