Fig. 8.

Western blot analysis of fracture callus inactive GSK 3β levels. Representative western blots for Ser9-phosphorylated (inactivated) and total GSK-3β protein levels in fracture callus lysates at Day 9 post-fracture. Data are presented as the densitometric ratio of inactivated/total GSK-3β. Alcohol exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the ratio of inactivated GSK-3β compared with saline-treated mice, while LiCl treatment significantly increased the amount of inactivated GSK-3β to levels found in saline-exposed mice. Groups not sharing a letter are significant, P ≤ 0.05 using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison procedure. N = 4–8 mice/treatment group.