Table 5.
Performance of biomarkers to detect three self-reported heavy alcohol use levels, stratified by gender and BMI
| Gender | Male |
Female |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target condition and test | N | Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) | N | Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) |
| Any heavy drinking | ||||||
| %dCDT | 274 | 42.4 (34.6, 50.5) | 94.8 (89.1, 98.1) | 82 | 33.3 (18.6, 51.0) | 97.8 (88.5, 99.9) |
| GGT | 277 | 23.3 (16.9, 30.6) | 82.2 (74.1, 88.6) | 84 | 5.6 (0.7, 18.7) | 95.8 (85.8, 99.5) |
| %dCDT+ or GGT+ | 276 | 56.3 (48.2, 64.2) | 78.0 (69.4, 85.1) | 82 | 36.1 (20.8, 53.8) | 93.5 (82.1, 98.6) |
| Breath alcohol | 280 | 20.9 (14.9, 27.9) | 95.7 (90.3, 98.6) | 95 | 15.8 (6.0, 31.3) | 98.3 (90.6, 100.0) |
| Recurrent heavy drinking | ||||||
| %dCDT | 274 | 53.3 (43.3, 63.1) | 89.9 (84.4, 94.0) | 82 | 46.7 (21.3, 73.4) | 91.0 (81.5, 96.6) |
| GGT | 277 | 20.2 (13.0, 29.2) | 78.6 (71.8, 84.5) | 84 | 13.3 (1.7, 40.5) | 97.1 (89.9, 99.7) |
| %dCDT+ or GGT+ | 276 | 60.9 (50.9, 70.3) | 70.2 (62.7, 76.9) | 82 | 53.3 (26.6, 78.7) | 88.1 (77.8, 94.7) |
| Breath alcohol | 280 | 26.4 (18.3, 35.9) | 93.7 (89.0, 96.8) | 95 | 23.5 (6.8, 49.9) | 96.2 (89.2, 99.2) |
| Persistent heavy drinking | ||||||
| %dCDT | 274 | 66.7 (52.1, 79.2) | 82.5 (76.9, 87.3) | 82 | 62.5 (24.5, 91.5) | 89.2 (79.8, 95.2) |
| GGT | 277 | 30.0 (17.9, 44.6) | 81.1 (75.3, 85.9) | 84 | 25.0 (3.2, 65.1) | 97.4 (90.8, 99.7) |
| %dCDT+ or GGT+ | 276 | 74.5 (60.4, 85.7) | 65.8 (59.2, 71.9) | 82 | 75.0 (34.9, 96.8) | 86.5 (76.6, 93.3) |
| Breath alcohol | 280 | 29.6 (18.0, 43.6) | 89.8 (85.1, 93.4) | 95 | 37.5 (8.5, 75.5) | 95.4 (88.6, 98.7) |
| BMI | BMI ≤30 |
BMI >30 |
||||
| Target condition and test | Sensitivity % (95%CI) | Specificity % (95%CI) | Sensitivity % (95%CI) | Specificity % (95%CI) | ||
| Any heavy drinking | ||||||
| %dCDT | 255 | 46.7 (38.2, 55.4) | 94.9 (89.3, 98.1) | 95 | 27.3 (16.1, 41.0) | 97.5 (86.8, 99.9) |
| GGT | 258 | 19.9 (13.5, 27.6) | 83.6 (75.8, 89.7) | 97 | 19.3 (10.1, 31.9) | 97.5 (86.8, 99.9) |
| %dCDT+ or GGT+ | 257 | 56.9 (48.2, 65.4) | 79.2 (70.8, 86.0) | 95 | 41.8 (28.7, 55.9) | 95.0 (83.1, 99.4) |
| Breath alcohol | 265 | 21.7 (15.2, 29.6) | 98.4 (94.4, 99.8) | 103 | 14.8 (7.0, 26.2) | 95.2 (83.8, 99.4) |
| Recurrent heavy drinking | ||||||
| %dCDT | 255 | 61.5 (50.1, 71.9) | 88.9 (83.3, 93.2) | 95 | 32.4 (18.0, 50.0) | 93.1 (83.3, 98.1) |
| GGT | 258 | 19.5 (11.6, 29.7) | 82.4 (75.9, 87.7) | 97 | 18.9 (8.0, 35.2) | 91.7 (81.6, 97.2) |
| %dCDT+ or GGT+ | 257 | 67.5 (56.3, 77.4) | 73.0 (65.8, 79.4) | 95 | 43.2 (27.1, 60.5) | 84.5 (72.6, 92.7) |
| Breath alcohol | 265 | 30.5 (20.8, 41.6) | 96.2 (92.3, 98.5) | 103 | 17.1 (7.2, 32.1) | 93.6 (84.3, 98.2) |
| Persistent heavy drinking | ||||||
| %dCDT | 255 | 70.7 (54.5, 83.9) | 80.8 (74.9, 85.9) | 95 | 55.6 (30.8, 78.5) | 92.2 (83.8, 97.1) |
| GGT | 258 | 30.0 (16.6, 46.5) | 83.9 (78.4, 88.6) | 97 | 27.8 (9.7, 53.5) | 91.1 (82.6, 96.4) |
| %dCDT+ or GGT+ | 257 | 78.1 (62.4, 89.4) | 67.1 (60.4, 73.4) | 95 | 66.7 (41.0, 86.7) | 83.1 (72.9, 90.7) |
| Breath alcohol | 265 | 39.0 (24.2, 55.5) | 92.9 (88.7, 95.9) | 103 | 14.3 (3.1, 36.3) | 90.2 (81.7, 95.7) |
Any heavy drinking was defined as ≥4 drinks per occasion or >7 drinks per week for women, ≥5 drinks per occasion or >14 per week for men; Recurrent heavy drinking was defined as ≥5 drinks per day on at least 5 days over the past 30 days; Persistent heavy drinking was defined as ≥5 drinks per day on at least 7 consecutive days over the past 30 days.