FIG. 12.
Pressure contour cross section through center of projectile (the target has been removed for clarity) in an impact at 4.39 km s−1 onto ice. (A) gives the pressure of a solid ice projectile 0.7 μs after impact. (B) shows the pressure if we contain the ice within a nylon projectile (as was actually shot). There is an enhancement of the pressure by approximately 30% due to reflection of a pressure wave off the internal wall of nylon casing. Therefore, we estimate a 30% enhancement in the peak shock pressure due to reflection off the containing nylon casing.