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. 2014 Jun 1;14(6):473–485. doi: 10.1089/ast.2013.1007

Table 3.

Peak Shock Pressures Estimated Using the Planar Impact Approximation (PIA) and AUTODYN Hydrocode

Shot Target Impact speed (km s−1) Impact angle Peak pressure (PIA: ice projectile) GPa Peak pressure (PIA: nylon projectile) GPa Peak pressure (AUTODYN) GPa
1 Water 2.00 90° 3.3 3.9 3.47
2 Ice 4.39 90° 7.5 13.1 15.8
3 Water 1.97 45° 2.3 2.7 2.28
4 Sand 1.98 45° 2.7 3.3 2.49
5 Ice 4.19 90° 7.0 12.1 14.6