Table 1.
Orthographic Effects
| Latency | Location | Citations |
|---|---|---|
| N/P150*: ~100–250 ms | Occipital [MiOc] | Carreiras, Dunabeitia, & Molinaro (2009); Chauncey, Holcomb, & Grainger (2008); Dufau, Grainger, & Holcomb (2008); Hauk & Pulvermuller (2004); Hauk, Davis, Ford, Pulvermuller, & Marslen-WIlson (2006); Hauk, Pulvermuller, Ford, Marslen-Wilson, & Davis (2009); Holcomb & Grainger (2006); Grainger, Kiyonaga, & Holcomb (2006); Petit, Midgley, Holcomb, & Grainger (2006); Massol, Grainger, Midgley, & Holcomb (2012); Carreiras, Perea, Vergara, & Pollatsek (2009); Chauncey, Holcomb, & Grainger, 2008 |
| P200* ~150–250 ms | “Posterior”, “Anterior” [MiPf, MiOc] | Petit, Midgley, Holcomb, & Grainger (2006); Massol, Midgley, Holcomb, & Grainger (2011) |
| N250*: ~200–300 ms | Occipital [MiOc] | Carreiras, Dunabeitia, & Molinaro (2009); Hauk, Pulvermuller, Ford, Marslen-Wilson, & Davis (2009); Holcomb & Grainger (2006); Massol, MIdgley, Holcomb, & Grainger (2011); Massol, Grainger, Midgley, & Holcomb (2012); Chauncey, Holcomb, & Grainger (2008) |
| P325* ~300–350 ms | Left Posterior [LmPa] | Holcomb & Grainger (2006); Chauncey, Holcomb, & Grainger (2008) |
| N400*: ~300–500 ms | Central Parietal [MiPa, LmPa, RmPa] | Carreiras, Dunabeitia, & Molinaro (2009); Holcomb, Grainger, & O’Rourke (2002); Holcomb & Grainger (325); Laszlo & Federmeier (2008); Laszlo & Federmeier (2009); Laszlo & Federmeier (2011); Massol, Grainger, Dufau, & Holcomb (2010); Massol, MIdgley, Holcomb, & Grainger (2011); Carreiras, Vergara, Perea (2008); Vergara-Martinez, Perea, Marin, & Carreiras (2010); Chauncey, Holcomb, & Grainger (2008) |
Meta-review of studies that have reported effects of orthographic manipulations. Epochs in the Latency column with a * are those where orthographic effects were found in the present study. In the Location column, topographic regions are given indicating where effects have been found for each latency; channels given in brackets underneath are those covering the relevant areas in the present study. MiPf: Middle Prefrontal, MiPa: Middle Parietal, LmPa: Left Middle Parietal, RmPa: Right Middle Parietal, MiOc: Middle Occipital.