Figure 2.

Effect of carnosine on the level of CA IX protein. HeLa cells were cultured in hypoxic conditions for 48 h in the presence of 20 mM carnosine. Carnosine induced a slight increase in CA IX protein level in hypoxic cells as shown by western blot analysis (A) and immunofluorescence (scale bar 20 μm) (B). This result was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis using M75 antibody against CA IX (C). After treatment with 20 mM carnosine, the level of membrane-localized CA IX increased by 48% compared with the control. Other concentrations of carnosine did not have a comparable effect on CA IX protein level. Differences between the untreated control and carnosine-treated samples were evaluated by a t-test (*p < 0.05).