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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2014 Jul;121(1):149–159. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000285

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Structures of (R,S)-ketamine, (R,S)-norketamine and (2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine. (R,S)-Ketamine undergoes hepatic metabolism to be transformed into (2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine directly and/or via (R,S)-norketamine as an intermediate.