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. 2014 Jun 5;15:196. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-196

Table 2.

Bivariate analyses of individual risk factors for activity-limiting foot/ankle MSDs among nurses

Risk factor n % OR CI (95%) Sig.
Age (years)
  
  
  
  
  
  <30
 75
 27.4
 Referent
  
 0.11
  30-39
 100
 36.5
 1.28
 (0.56, 2.89)
 0.56
  40-49
 66
 24.1
 0.69
 (0.25, 1.90)
 0.47
  50+
 33
 12.0
 2.53
 (0.95, 6.74)
 0.06
BMI 1 (kg/m 2 )
  
  
  
  
  
  Underweight/normal
 139
 53.3
 Referent
  
 <0.001*
  Overweight
 79
 30.3
 1.63
 (0.73, 3.63)
 0.23
  Obese/morbidly obese
 43
 16.5
 4.43
 (1.94, 10.10)
 <0.001*
Smoking history
  
  
  
  
  
  Never smoker
 180
 62.5
 Referent
  
 0.46
  Previous smoker
 85
 29.5
 0.95
 (0.49, 1.87)
 0.89
  Current smoker
 23
 8.0
 0.42
 (0.09, 1.90)
 0.26
SF-36 PCS 2
 
  
  
  
  
  Quartile 4 (>55.96)
 70
 25.0
 Referent
  
 <0.001*
  Quartile 3 (51.96-55.95)
 69
 24.6
 1.29
 (0.33, 5.02)
 0.71
  Quartile 2 (48–51.95)
 71
 25.4
 3.70
 (1.14, 11.97)
 <0.001*
  Quartile 1 (0–47.99)
 70
 25.0
 8.61
 (2.80, 26.48)
 <0.001*
No. of foot conditions
  
  
  
  
  
  None
 104
 35.5
 Referent
  
 <0.001*
  One
 103
 35.2
 1.48
 (0.85, 2.56)
 0.16
  2 or more
 86
 29.4
 2.68
 (1.48, 4.85)
 <0.001*
Shoe style
  
  
  
  
  
  Walking shoe- hard sole
 47
 16.5
 Referent
  
 0.59
  Walking shoe- soft sole
 138
 48.4
 0.90
 (0.40, 2.03)
 0.80
  Sports/Men’s Shoe/Other
 38
 13.3
 0.69
 (0.23, 2.12)
 0.52
  Ladies dress shoe
 38
 13.3
 0.44
 (0.12, 1.52)
 0.19
  Clog/Mule
 24
 8.4
 0.53
 (0.13, 2.14)
 0.37
Shoe - heel height
  
  
  
  
  
  0-2.5 cm
 185
 65.1
 Referent
  
 0.07
  > 2.5 cm
 99
 34.9
 1.77
 (0.95, 3.29)
 0.07
Wears insoles/Orthoses
  
  
  
  
  
  No
 237
 82.6
 Referent
  
 <0.001*
  Yes 50 17.4 5.19 (2.62, 10.28) <0.001*

1Body Mass Index categories: underweight/normal (<24.99), overweight (25–29.99), obese (>30.00).

2SF36 Physical Component Summary Scale.

*statistically significant.