. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 18.

Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Jan 14;6(1):13–26. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt053

Table 2. Astrocyte and microglial-derived factors and functions.

Astrocyte	Macrophage/microglia
*Survival/differentiation* NGF, BDNF, IGF-I, E2, basic fibroblast growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, GDNF, NT-3, NT-4, Wnt1, Wnt5a	*Neurotrophic/survival* NGF, BDNF, GDNF, NT-3, NT-4
*Anti-oxidant* Glutathione, Nrf2, Hmox1, E2, superoxide dismutase, MRP1	*Pro-inflammatory* Toll-like receptors, TNFa, IL1-p, IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, IFNγ, PGE₂, PGJ2, ROS, H₂O₂, RNS, arachonic acid, platelet activating factor, QA, GRs, ERs, Wnt2, Wnt5a, Wnt10
*Metabolic support* Glycogen, glycogen synthase enzymes, lactate	*Oxidative/neurotoxic* PHOX, COX2, iNOS, O₂, H₂O₂, OH₂, NOO₂
*Immunoregulatory* Cytokines, chemokines, Scavenger receptors, Toll-like receptors, hydrogen disulfide, GRs, ERs, Wnt1, Wnt5a	*Anti-inflammatory* Transforming growth factor β, IL-10, Wnt3a
*Neuroprotective/regenerative* Metallothioneins, E₂, Wnt1, Wnt5a
*Synapse clearance*
C1q, MRPs

E₂,17-β-estradiol; H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; MRP1, multidrug resistance protein 1; NT-3, neurotrophin-3.