TABLE 1—
Characteristics of Opioid Treatment Programs in the United States: National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey, 2005 and 2011
| Characteristic | 2005 (n = 187) | 2011 (n = 196) | P |
| Prevalence of injection drug users, % | .279 | ||
| < 25 | 33.6 | 36.7 | |
| 25–74 | 40.6 | 44.3 | |
| ≥ 75 | 25.6 | 18.8 | |
| African American clients, % | .101 | ||
| < 10 | 40.6 | 49.0 | |
| ≥ 10 | 59.4 | 51.0 | |
| Hispanic clients, % | .337 | ||
| < 10 | 48.7 | 53.6 | |
| ≥ 10 | 51.3 | 46.3 | |
| Revenue from federal government | < .001 | ||
| None | 62.0 | 78.5 | |
| ≥ 1% | 37.9 | 21.4 | |
| Revenue from private insurance | .526 | ||
| None | 58.8 | 55.6 | |
| ≥ 1% | 41.1 | 44.3 | |
| Staff-to-client ratio, mean (SD) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.03) | .014 |
| CARF accreditation | .199 | ||
| No | 54.0 | 47.4 | |
| Yes | 45.9 | 52.5 | |
| Ownership | .15 | ||
| Private non-for-profit | 45.9 | 50.0 | |
| Private for-profit | 36.3 | 39.2 | |
| Public | 17.6 | 10.7 | |
| Hospital affiliation | .105 | ||
| No | 81.2 | 87.7 | |
| Yes | 18.1 | 12.2 | |
| Method of treatment | < .001 | ||
| Methadone only | 66.8 | 46.9 | |
| Buprenorphine only | 20.3 | 29.0 | |
| Both methadone + buprenorphine | 12.8 | 23.9 |
Note. CARF = CARF International (formerly known as the Commission on the Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities). Percentages may not equal 100 because of rounding.