TABLE 2—
Independent Variable | October 2006–May 2007, OR (95% CI) | October 2007–May 2008, OR (95% CI) | October 2008–May 2010, OR (95% CI) |
Age | |||
Birth–17 y | 2.16 (2.13, 2.19) | 1.16 (1.15, 1.17) | 1.96 (1.94, 1.97) |
18–34 y (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
35–49 y | 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) | 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) |
50–64 y | 0.37 (0.36, 0.38) | 0.51 (0.50, 0.51) | 0.46 (0.46, 0.47) |
≥ 65 y | 0.15 (0.15, 0.15) | 0.28 (0.28, 0.29) | 0.21 (0.21, 0.21) |
Male gender | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.96) |
Urban area | 0.59 (0.59, 0.60) | 0.61 (0.61, 0.62) | 0.84 (0.83, 0.84) |
Income, $ | |||
2499–19 999 (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
20 000–39 999 | 1.69 (1.57, 1.82) | 1.48 (1.42, 1.55) | 1.21 (1.17, 1.25) |
40 000–59 999 | 1.62 (1.50, 1.74) | 1.49 (1.42, 1.56) | 1.26 (1.22, 1.30) |
60 000–79 999 | 1.85 (1.72, 1.98) | 1.68 (1.60, 1.76) | 1.48 (1.43, 1.53) |
80 000–200 000 | 2.47 (2.30, 2.66) | 2.14 (2.20, 2.25) | 1.97 (1.90, 2.04) |
Region | |||
New England (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
South | 3.48 (3.43, 3.54) | 3.31 (3.27, 3.34) | 2.05 (2.03, 2.06) |
West | 0.80 (0.78, 0.82) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.75) | 0.87 (0.86, 0.88) |
Midwest | 1.54 (1.51, 1.57) | 1.87 (1.85, 1.89) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) |
Unique medications taken | 1.18 (1.17, 1.18) | 1.12 (1.11, 1.12) | 1.13 (1.12, 1.13) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. We estimated associations from a multivariate logistic regression model using data from all study periods. Indicators for study period, subscriber characteristics, and interactions between study period and subscriber characteristics were included as independent variables. All effects were significantly different across study periods (P < .005 for all).