Table 1.

East Asian centers and resources for human genomic research

Country	Institutes conducting large-scale genomic research a	National human genome databases	National biobanks b
China	• Chinese National Human Genome Center, Shanghai (‘South Center’)	• Pan-Asia Population SNP Database [20]	• Human Genetic Resources Platform (2003–2007) [21]
	• Chinese National Human Genome Center, Beijing (‘North Center’)	• 1000 Genomes Project	• Kadoorie Study of Chronic Disease in China (KSCDC; 2004–2008) [22]
	• Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen		• National Clinical Specimen Biobank (2011–2015) [23]
Indonesia	• Biotechnology Research Centre of the Science Institute of Indonesia (LIPI)	(Individual institution-wide databases only)
	• Eijkman Institute
	• Institute of Tropical Disease
	• Consortium on Vaccine Research (16 universities and research institutions)
Japan	• University of Tokyo	• Japanese Genotype-phenotype Archive (JGA) [24]	• Biobank Japan (2003-) [25]
	• Yokohama City University	• Japanese Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (JSNP)	• National Center Biobank Network (NCBN; 2012-) [26]
	• RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine (CGM)	• Human Genome Variation Database (HGVD)	• Tohoku Medical Megabank (ToMMo; 2012-)
	• Tohoku University	• National Registry of Diseases Office (NRDO)
	• National Cancer Center
Singapore	• Genome Institute of Singapore
	• Bioinformatics Institute
	• Bioprocessing Technology Institute
	• National University of Singapore
	• Nanyang Technological University
	• National Cancer Centre
	• Defence Science Office
South Korea	• Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC)	• Korean Genomic Variant Database (KGVDB)	• Korea Biobank Project (KBP; 2008-; including Korea Biobank Network and National Biobank of Korea (NBK)) [27,28]
Taiwan	• Genomics Research Center (GRC), Academia Sinica		• Taiwan Biobank (2005-) [29]
	• National Health Research Institute (NHRI)

^aA selection of major institutes is included.

^bCommencement year and termination year are shown in parentheses.