Table 3.
Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals for Falls by Gender and Performance Levels for Each Item in the SPPB in Pro.V.A Study Participants
| Females | Males | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Gait speed | ||||||||
| >0.75 meters/sec | - (reference) | - (reference) | - (reference) | - (reference) | ||||
| >0.58 and ≤0.75 meters/sec | 2.19 (1.08–4.44) | 0.03 | 2.11 (1.04–4.30) | 0.04 | 0.95 (0.44–2.03) | 0.89 | 0.95 (0.44–2.04) | 0.89 |
| >0.42 and ≤0.58 meters/sec | 3.30 (1.61–6.73) | 0.001 | 2.99 (1.45–6.13) | 0.003 | 2.15 (0.94–4.91) | 0.07 | 1.79 (0.76–4.19) | 0.18 |
| ≤0.42 meters/sec | 6.12 (2.78–13.48) | <0.001 | 4.67 (2.08–10.52) | <0.001 | 3.49 (1.31–9.35) | 0.01 | 2.13 (0.74–6.14) | 0.16 |
| Five timed chair stands | ||||||||
| <11.2 sec | - (reference) | - (reference) | - (reference) | - (reference) | ||||
| ≥11.2 and <13.7 sec | 1.35 (0.82–2.22) | 0.25 | 1.31 (0.79–2.16) | 0.30 | 0.96 (0.42–2.18) | 0.92 | 0.96 (0.42–2.19) | 0.92 |
| ≥13.7 and <16.7 sec | 1.63 (0.94–2.83) | 0.08 | 1.52 (0.87–2.64) | 0.14 | 1.51 (0.66–3.44) | 0.33 | 1.44 (0.63–3.30) | 0.39 |
| ≥16.7 sec | 2.33 (1.38–3.93) | 0.001 | 1.94 (1.13–3.32) | 0.02 | 3.33 (1.51–7.38) | 0.003 | 2.75 (1.21–6.23) | 0.02 |
| Tandem test | ||||||||
| FT ≥10 sec | - (reference) | - (reference) | - (reference) | - (reference) | ||||
| FT >2 sec and <10 sec | 1.28 (0.80–2.05) | 0.30 | 1.27 (0.79–2.03) | 0.33 | 1.25 (0.48–3.22) | 0.65 | 1.12 (0.43–2.95) | 0.81 |
| ST ≥10 sec and FT ≤2 sec | 1.05 (0.63–1.76) | 0.85 | 0.95 (0.56–1.61) | 0.85 | 3.15 (1.54–6.43) | 0.002 | 2.63 (0.94–5.43) | 0.14 |
| SBS ≥10 sec and ST <10 sec | 2.73 (1.58–4.73) | <0.001 | 2.33 (1.33–4.09) | 0.003 | 3.00 (1.18–7.63) | 0.02 | 2.06 (0.77–5.47) | 0.15 |
Model 1 was adjusted for age, BMI, regular physical activity, medical conditions (visual or cognitive impairments, diabetes, CVD, COPD, cancer, depression, musculoskeletal diseases, orthostatic hypotension), alcohol drinking, number of drugs taken, serum 25OHD levels. Model 2 was adjusted for variables in model 1 plus disability in ADL and fear of falling.
Pro.V.A. Study, Progetto Veneto Anziani Study; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SBS, side-by-side stance; ST, semi-tandem stance; FT, full tandem test; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; 25OHD, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH, parathyroid hormone; ADL, activities of daily living.