Exhibit 2. Descriptive Statistics Comparing the Study Sample to Agencies Excluded From the Study.
| Agencies excluded from the study | Agencies included in the study | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government | For-Profit | Non-Profit | For-Profit | Non-Profit | |||
| Number of agencies | 284 | 527 | 87 | 6,364 | 700 | ||
| Total annual expenditures (in millions of $) | 2.801 | 0.894 | 2.248 | 2.192 | 5.177 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (17.667) | (1.347) | (3.158) | (4.354) | (7.266) | ||
| Median | [0.861] | [0.533] | [1.413] | [1.247] | [2.688] | ||
| Unduplicated patients | 626 | 238 | 1,987 | 549 | 2,008 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (1,413) | (381) | (9,674) | (926) | (3,196) | ||
| Median | [283] | [95] | [595.5] | [261] | [902] | ||
| Wage index (range 0.69-1.67) | 0.89 | 0.97 | 0.79 | 0.97 | 0.99 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (0.12) | (0.15) | (0.29) | (0.13) | (0.16) | ||
| HHRG case-mix index (range 0.58-3.49) | 1.173 | 1.310 | 1.282 | 1.337 | 1.244 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (0.227) | (0.321) | (0.241) | (0.274) | (0.189) | ||
| Proportion Medicare patients (range 0-1) | 0.516 | 0.770 | 0.460 | 0.799 | 0.572 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (0.223) | (0.272) | (0.247) | (0.241) | (0.205) | ||
| Proportion LUPA episodes (range 0-1) | 0.127 | 0.061 | 0.142 | 0.062 | 0.126 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (0.077) | (0.059) | (0.090) | (0.050) | (0.066) | ||
| Proportion PEP episodes (range 0-1) | 0.029 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.037 | 0.036 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (0.039) | (0.049) | (0.049) | (0.037) | (0.044) | ||
| Skilled nursing contract (yes = 1) | 0.261 | 0.433 | 0.529 | 0.434 | 0.449 | ||
| Home aide contract (yes = 1) | 0.257 | 0.247 | 0.276 | 0.255 | 0.284 | ||
| Occupational therapy contract (yes = 1) | 0.820 | 0.622 | 0.322 | 0.758 | 0.610 | ||
| Physical therapy contract (yes = 1) | 0.894 | 0.736 | 0.425 | 0.865 | 0.743 | ||
| Speech therapy contract (yes = 1) | 0.757 | 0.529 | 0.264 | 0.653 | 0.611 | ||
| Years with Medicare certification | 33.49 | 5.92 | 23.66 | 8.53 | 24.13 | ||
| Standard Deviation | (11.27) | (7.58) | (14.09) | (7.77) | (14.15) | ||
| Agency is chain affiliated (yes = 1) | 0.025 | 0.186 | 0.483 | 0.214 | 0.403 | ||
| Agency is small agency (yes = 1) | 0.042 | 0.049 | 0.000 | 0.025 | 0.017 | ||
NOTE: We report means with standard deviations in parenthesis. For variables with a highly skewed distribution, we report the median in square brackets. Standard deviations are not shown for dichotomous variables.
SOURCE: Authors’ calculations.