Exhibit 3. Descriptive Statistics Comparing Agencies With and Without QMs.
| Analysis Sample | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agencies with QMs | Agencies without QMs | ||||||||||||
| For-Profit | Non-Profit | For-Profit | Non-Profit | ||||||||||
| Number of agencies | 3,349 | 564 | 3,015 | 136 | |||||||||
| Total annual expenditures (in millions of $) | 3.401 | 6.230 | 0.850 | 0.811 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (5.701) | (7.718) | (0.716) | (1.051) | |||||||||
| Median | [2.170] | [3.739] | [0.672] | [0.539] | |||||||||
| Unduplicated patients | 890 | 2,434 | 169 | 241 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (1,160) | (3,424) | (202) | (315) | |||||||||
| Median | [550] | [1,260] | [118] | [145] | |||||||||
| Wage index (range 0.69–1.67) | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.95 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.14) | (0.16) | (0.11) | (0.13) | |||||||||
| HHRG case-mix index (range 0.58–3.49) | 1.372 | 1.255 | 1.298 | 1.200 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.234) | (0.168) | (0.308) | (0.257) | |||||||||
| Proportion Medicare patients (range 0–1) | 0.760 | 0.564 | 0.843 | 0.603 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.228) | (0.184) | (0.246) | (0.273) | |||||||||
| Proportion LUPA episodes (range 0–1) | 0.077 | 0.130 | 0.045 | 0.113 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.045) | (0.048) | (0.049) | (0.112) | |||||||||
| Proportion PEP episodes (range 0–1) | 0.034 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.041 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.023) | (0.019) | (0.047) | (0.091) | |||||||||
| Skilled nursing contract (yes = 1) | 0.395 | 0.472 | 0.478 | 0.353 | |||||||||
| Home aide contract (yes = 1) | 0.214 | 0.298 | 0.301 | 0.228 | |||||||||
| Occupational therapy contract (yes = 1) | 0.755 | 0.598 | 0.762 | 0.662 | |||||||||
| Physical therapy contract (yes = 1) | 0.852 | 0.725 | 0.879 | 0.816 | |||||||||
| Speech therapy contract (yes = 1) | 0.721 | 0.606 | 0.577 | 0.632 | |||||||||
| Years with Medicare certification | 11.19 | 25.87 | 5.58 | 16.90 | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (8.45) | (13.89) | (5.62) | (12.91) | |||||||||
| Agency is chain affiliated (yes = 1) | 0.348 | 0.424 | 0.066 | 0.316 | |||||||||
| Agency is small agency (yes = 1) | 0.006 | 0.011 | 0.046 | 0.044 | |||||||||
| Proportion of patients with improvement in health status (range 0–1) | 0.533 | 0.544 | — | — | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.103) | (0.07) | |||||||||||
| Proportion of patients who received treatment (range 0–1) | 0.801 | 0.797 | — | — | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.08) | (0.089) | |||||||||||
| Proportion of patients who were assessed (range 0–1) | 0.72 | 0.726 | — | — | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.062) | (0.061) | |||||||||||
| Proportion of patients who were hospitalized (range 0–1) | 0.306 | 0.265 | — | — | |||||||||
| Standard Deviation | (0.084) | (0.066) | |||||||||||
NOTE: We report means with standard deviations in parenthesis. We report medians in square brackets for variables that have a highly skewed distribution. Standard deviations are not shown for dichotomous variables.
SOURCE: Authors’ calculations.