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. 2014 Jun 10;14:422. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-422

Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of factors affecting overall survival (N = 2711)

 
Univariate
Multivariate
Variables HR (95% CI) P value HR (95% CI) P value
Age (y)
1.008 (1.002, 1.013)
0.006*
1.014 (1.008, 1.020)
<0.001*
Gender
 
 
 
 
 Female
reference
 
 
 
 Male
1.017 (0.909, 1.138)
0.774
 
 
Smoking history
 
 
 
 
 Never
reference
 
 
 
 Smoker
1.061 (0.950, 1.185)
0.293
 
 
Surgical procedure
 
<0.001*
 
<0.001*
 Segmentectomy
reference
 
reference
 
 Lobectomy
1.002 (0.709, 1.418)
0.989
0.975 (0.672, 1.413)
0.892
 Pneumonectomy
1.451 (1.006, 2.092)
0.047*
1.338 (0.901, 1.986)
0.149
 Extended
1.668 (0.892, 3.119)
0.109
1.533 (0.804, 2.921)
0.194
Surgical margin status
 
 
 
 
 Negative
reference
 
reference
 
 Positive
1.612 (1.298, 2.004)
<.001*
1.200 (0.883, 1.632)
0.243
Histology
 
0.006*
 
0.034*
 Squamous
reference
 
reference
 
 Adenocarcinoma
0.884 (0.785, 0.997)
0.044*
1.000 (0.883, 1.132)
0.999
 Large cell
0.912 (0.547, 1.522)
0.726
1.002 (0.600, 1.674)
0.993
 Adenosquamous
1.327 (1.067, 1.651)
0.011*
1.347 (1.080, 1.680)
0.008*
 Other
1.084 (0.896, 1.312)
0.409
1.208 (0.994, 1.467)
0.057
T stage
 
 
 
 
 T1/T2
reference
 
 
 
 T3/T4
1.646 (1.430, 1.895)
<0.001*
 
 
N stage
 
 
 
 
 N0
reference
 
 
 
 N1/N2
1.697 (1.526, 1.887)
<0.001*
 
 
AJCC TNM Stage
 
<0.001*
 
<0.001*
 I
reference
 
reference
 
 II
1.612 (1.405, 1.850)
<0.001*
1.571 (1.366, 1.808)
<0.001*
 III
2.172 (1.917, 2.461)
<0.001*
2.101 (1.835, 2.405)
<0.001*
Lymph node stations examined
 
 
 
 
 ≥ 6 group
reference
 
reference
 
 < 6 group
1.197 (1.075, 1.333)
0.001*
1.199 (0.771, 1.863)
0.421
Number of lymph nodes removed
 
<0.001*
 
0.075
 ≥ 20
reference
 
reference
 
 10-20
0.954 (0.842, 1.082)
0.463
0.935 (0.819, 1.067)
0.318
 < 10
1.264 (1.109, 1.441)
<0.001*
1.125 (0.943, 1.343)
0.190
Followed IASLC guidelines
 
 
 
 
 Yes
0.715 (0.641, 0.797)
<0.001*
0.840 (0.716, 0.985)
0.032*
 No
reference
 
reference
 
Followed ACOSOG guidelines
 
 
 
 
 Yes
0.816 (0.733, 0.908)
<0.001*
1.088 (0.389, 3.045)
0.873
 No
reference
 
reference
 
Followed RADIANT guidelines
 
 
 
 
 Yes
0.785 (0.696, 0.885)
<0.001*
0.887 (0.735, 1.071)
0.213
 No
reference
 
reference
 
Followed NCCN guidelines
 
 
 
 
 Yes
0.814 (0.732, 0.906)
<0.001*
1.089 (0.422, 2.811)
0.860
 No
reference
 
reference
 
Adjuvant chemotherapy
 
 
 
 
 Yes
0.989 (0.890, 1.099)
0.835
 
 
 No
reference
 
 
 
Radiotherapy
 
 
 
 
 Yes
0.768 (0.671, 0.877)
<0.001*
0.915 (0.797, 1.049)
0.203
 No
reference
 
reference
 
Immunotherapy
 
 
 
 
 Yes
1.063 (0.83, 1.281)
0.517
 
 
 No reference      

ACOSOG, American College of Surgeons Oncology Group; IASLC, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC); NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network; RADIANT, OSI Pharmaceutical’s RADIANT study; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Variables with a significant association with overall survival in univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were selected and put into the multivariate analysis.

Note: Because T stage, N stage, and TNM stage are collinear, only TNM stage was included in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

*Significant risk factor, P < 0.05.