Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of relapsers and nonrelapsers in our study, presented as means ± standard deviation
| Relapsers (n=13) | Nonrelapsers (n=14) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Females | 3 | 4 | 0.745 |
| Age (years) | 39 (9) | 50 (13) | 0.018 |
| Education level* | 11 (2) | 12 (3) | 0.645 |
| Body mass index | 25 (5) | 22 (3) | 0.123 |
| Alcohol problems (AUDIT) | 31 (4) | 32 (9) | 0.846 |
| Alcohol intake prior to detoxification (U/day) | 20 (12) | 24 (16) | 0.517 |
| Age of onset of alcohol misuse† | 31 (11) | 36 (11) | 0.256 |
| Duration of current treatment (days) | 18.6 (2.8) | 19.4 (1.8) | 0.380 |
| Duration of dependence‡ (years) | 8 (7) | 15 (9) | 0.055 |
| Number of prior detoxifications | 0.6 (0.8) | 3.2 (5.1) | 0.086 |
| Smoking (% with nicotine dependence)70 | 84 | 71 | 0.673 |
| Depression (BDI score) | 20 (9) | 21 (14) | 0.824 |
| Anxiety trait (STAI-B) | 47 (7) | 51 (9) | 0.233 |
| Anxiety state (STAI-A) | 46 (9) | 49 (10) | 0.470 |
| Impulsivity (UPPS scale) | 116 (14) | 103 (17) | 0.075 |
| Craving before experiment | 14 (2) | 5 (11) | 0.075 |
| Craving after experiment | 19 (33) | 6 (21) | 0.106 |
| Global craving score | 21 (32) | 6 (14) | 0.110 |
| Degree of family history of alcoholism | 1.4 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.2) | 0.163 |
| Anticraving medication (% receiving treatment) | 84 | 64 | 0.228 |
| Campral | 76 | 43 | 0.120 |
| Baclofen | 7 | 7 | 0.741 |
| Antabuse | 0 | 7 | 0.277 |
| Campral + baclofen | 0 | 7 | 0.519 |
| Benzodiazepine (% of users) | 30 | 42 | 0.402 |
Notes:
*
Number of years of education since completing primary school
†
age at which drinking first began to have an effect on the subject’s life of which he/she did not approve
‡
number of years that the subject fulfilled dependence criteria before assessment.
Abbreviations: AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; U/Day, alcohol dose unit per day; UPPS, urgency (lack of), premeditation, perseverance (lack of), sensation seeking.