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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Depress Anxiety. 2013 Dec 18;31(9):787–795. doi: 10.1002/da.22226

Table 3.

Effect of gender on mortality risk.

Men

Comparisons Unadjusted Adjusted*

HR 95% CI p HR 95% CI P
GHQ-12 scores (continuous measure) 1.05 1.02 – 1.09 0.004 1.09 1.04 – 1.14 0.001
LLD group vs. non-depressed group 1.90 1.43 – 2.54 <0.001 1.45 1.01 – 2.07 0.04
Depression severity
“low depressive symptoms” group vs. non-depressed group 1.60 1.13 – 2.26 0.008 1.23 0.80 – 1.87 0.34
“high depressive symptoms” groups vs. non-depressed group 2.56 1.74 – 3.76 <0.001 1.90 1.19 – 3.04 0.007
Women
Comparisons Unadjusted Adjusted*

HR 95% CI p HR 95% CI P
GHQ-12 scores (continuous measure) 1.12 1.08 – 1.16 <0.001 1.01 0.97 – 1.06 0.5
LLD group vs. non-depressed group 1.48 1.16 – 1.90 0.002 1.13 0.84 – 1.48 0.45
Depression severity
“low depressive symptoms” group vs. non-depressed group 1.40 1.06 – 1.85 0.02 1.01 0.73 – 1.39 0.9
“high depressive symptoms” groups vs. non-depressed group 1.66 1.18 – 2.32 0.003 1.38 0.93 – 2.06 0.11
*

baseline age, baseline monthly income, use of psychoactive drugs, marital status, retirement, educational level, activities of daily living, MMSE scores, drinking and smoking habits, hypertension, myocardial infarct, Chagas disease, physical activity, BMI, diabetes mellitus 2