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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotoxicology. 2013 Dec 18;43:73–81. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.12.004

Fig. 2. Effects of intranasally administered vanadium on pheromonal olfaction (sniffing ability).

Fig. 2

Male C57 black mice (n ≥ 5 per group) were intranasally administered 182 µg of V2O5 in 50 µL of deionized water three times a week for one month. The vehicle control animals were administered deionized water. At the end of the study, animals were exposed to bedding from pregnant female cages, and the amount of time males spent sniffing the bedding during a five-minute time period was recorded. Asterisks (***, p < 0.001) indicate a significant difference between treatment and control group means ± S.E.M.