Table 1.

Biomarkers of Dry Eye Disease with Moderate to High Clinical Correlation or Responding to Treatment^*

Marker	Clinical Correlation	Reference
HLA-DR	Decreased with CsA and Tofacitinab treatment	45,56
MMP-9	Symptom severity, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival lissamine green staining	31
Tear EGF	Ocular surface rose Bengal staining, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival lissamine green staining	40,65
Tear IL-6	Ocular surface rose bengal staining, corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival lissamine green staining	40,65
Tear IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-1β	Corneal fluorescein staining, conjunctival lissamine green staining,	40
Tear CXCL9 (I-TAC)	Basal tear secretion, keratoepitheliopathy, goblet cell density	66
Tear proteins S100A8 and A9 Lactoferrin Lipocalin	In subjects with MGD Grittiness, transient blur Eye pain and tearing Tearing, lid heaviness	43
MUC16 mRNA MUC16 cellular MUC5AC tears	Tear meniscus Lissamine green staining, Dry eye symptom questionnaire Lissamine green staining	67

^*Correlation coefficient ≥ 0.35

HLA-DR= human leukocyte antigen DR, MMP-9=matrix metalloproteinase 9, EGF=epidermal growth factor, IL-6=interleukin 6, IL-1= interleukin 1, MIP-1α= macrophage inflammatory protein 1, MGD: meibomian gland disease, CXCL9= chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, MUC= mucin