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. 2014 Jun 19;5:294. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00294

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Copyright © 2014 Booth, Toapanta, Salerno-Goncalves, Patil, Kader, Safta, Czinn, Greenwald and Sztein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multifunctional gastric LPMC CD4⁺ T_RM and PBMC CD4⁺ T_EM responses to SEB stimulation in adults, children, and the elderly. Multifunctionality was determined by simultaneous detection of two or more functions performed by CD4⁺ T_RM (LPMC) or CD4⁺ T_EM (PBMC). Six functions were evaluated: production of five cytokines/chemokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17A, MIP-1β) and expression of CD107a in response to SEB stimulation. (A) Scatter plot showing the six predominant function patterns in LPMC CD4⁺ T_RM and (B) in PBMC CD4⁺ T_EM cells from adults (red circles, n = 9), children (black squares, n = 7), and the elderly (blue triangles, n = 8). Multifunctionality was analyzed using the FCOM feature of WinList. Significant differences between age groups were denoted by asterisks (*p < 0.05). Black dotted boxes indicate the same multiple cytokine-producing cells in LPMC and PBMC CD4⁺ T subsets.