Table 2.
Comparison of PBMC CD4+ TEM and gastric CD4+ TRM cells activation responses in adult, children, and the elderly.
| Cytokine | Stimulant | Adult |
Children |
Elderly |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD4+ TEM | CD4+ TRM | CD4+ TEM | CD4+ TRM | CD4+ TEM | CD4+ TRM | ||
| Median | % (Range) | Median | % (Range) | Median | % (Range) | ||
| IL-2 | Media | 0.3 (0– 3) | 0.5 (0– 2) | 0.5 (0– 2) | 1.3 (0– 3) | 0.3 (0– 4) | 1.6 (0– 9) |
| SEB | 2.5 (0– 60) | 3.4 (0– 35) | 1.5 (1– 5) | 0 (0– 6) | 14.8 (1– 31) | 8.7 (0– 32) | |
| α-CD3/CD28 | 2.2 (0– 38) | 8.9 (0– 21) | 1.2 (0– 6) | 8.8 (0– 20) | 7.9 (3– 27) | 21.4 (5– 32) | |
| INF-γ | Media | 0.2 (0– 2) | 0.3 (0– 2) | 0.7 (0– 3) | 4.8 (0– 9) | 0.6 (0– 3) | 0.0 (0– 5) |
| SEB | 3.0 (0– 15) | 7.0 (0– 11) | 5.8 (2– 9) | 3.7 (0– 25) | 6.2 (3– 18) | 3.6 (1– 19) | |
| α-CD3/CD28 | 0.6 (0– 5) | 5.6 (5–22)a,*** | 4.1 (1–9) | 10.9 (2–25) | 3.8 (1– 14) | 14.1 (2– 27) | |
| MIP-1β | Media | 0.2 (0– 1) | 1.5 (0– 8) | 0.3 (0– 2) | 4.7 (0– 6) | 0.7 (0– 1) | 1.3 (0– 8) |
| SEB | 1.5 (0– 13) | 4.8 (−33) | 0.8 (0– 5) | 11.4 (0– 35) | 1.5 (1– 3) | 13.5 (1–21)* | |
| α-CD3/CD28 | 0.8 (0– 9) | 9.2 (1– 38)** | 0.3 (0– 3) | 15.0 (0– 31) | 1.2 (0– 3) | 0.0.3 (7– 34)*** | |
| TNF-α | Media | 0.1 (0– 3) | 2.3 (0– 6) | 1.2 (0– 6) | 4.2 (1– 6) | 2.8 (0– 5) | 1.2 (0– 6) |
| SEB | 0.9 (0– 55) | 10.8 (2– 30) | 15.7 (5– 21) | 6.3 (2– 14) | 41.1 (1– 53) | 9.9 (0–21)b,* | |
| α-CD3/CD28 | 0.6 (24) | 5.8 (14– 42)*** | 12.2 (5– 25) | 24.6 (8– 60) | 23.7 (2– 31) | 27.6 (4– 33) | |
| IL-17A | Media | 0.2 (0– 2) | 0.9 (0– 3) | 0.3 (0– 3) | 1.4 (0– 3) | 0.3 (0– 1) | 0.0 (0– 3) |
| SEB | 2.1 (1– 16) | 2.4 (0– 12) | 3.1 (0– 7) | 6.3 (2– 25) | 1.5 (1– 3) | 2.1 (1– 9) | |
| α-C03/CD28 | 3.8 (0– 14) | 4.8 (0– 12) | 1.6 (1– 5) | 14.1 (3–19)* | 0.9 (0– 2) | 2.9 (0– 14) | |
| CD107a | Media | 0.2 (0– 1) | 0.2 (0– 3) | 0.3 (0– 1) | 1.3 (0– 5) | 0.2 (0– 2) | 0.0 (0– 1) |
| SEB | 1.5 (1– 7) | 4.0 (0– 11) | 1.2 (0– 3) | 5.7 (2–19)* | 1.6 (1– 3) | 2.2 (0– 11) | |
| α-C03/C028 | 0.7 (0– 3) | 5.9 (0– 8)* | 0.7 (0– 2) | 6.3 (2–12)* | 1.4 (0– 3) | 3.5 (0– 12) | |
Gastric LPMC CD4+ TRM responses (IL-2, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A, and CD107a) to two stimulants (SEB and anti-CD3/CD28) were compared to PBMC CD4+ TEM responses obtained from adults, children, and the elderly. Significant differences are shown in highlighted colors as determined by Mann–Whitney tests. Adults: n = 10; children: n = 10; elderly: n = 10.
a Light green color = significant increase in the frequency of CD4+ Trm (LPMC) compared to CD4+ Tem (PBMC).
b Light blue color = significant decrease in the frequency of CD4+ Trm (LPMC) compared to CD4+ Tem (PBMC); *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005.