. 2014 Jun 19;5:294. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00294

Table 4.

Summary of T_RM and T_EM responses to stimulation in children, elderly, and adults.

Cytokine	Age	PBMC	CD8⁺ T_EM	LPMC	CD8⁺ T_RM	PBMC	CD4⁺ T_EM	LPMC	CD48⁺ T_RM

		SEB	α3/28^a	SEB	α3/28	SEB	α3/28	SEB	α3/28
IL-2	Ad^b	**^,e	**			**	*		**
	Ch^c
	El^d	***	**	*	*	**	*		*
IFN-γ	Ad	***	**	***	***	**	*	*	**
	Ch			**	**				*
	El	**	**	*	**	**	**	*	**
MIP-1β	Ad	**	*	**	***	**	*		*
	Ch
	El	**	**	*	**	***	*	*	**
TNF-α	Ad	***	**	***	***	*	*	**	***
	Ch				**	*	*		**
	El	**	**		**	*	**	*	**
IL-17A	Ad	*	*			**	**
	Ch							*	*
	El	*				**	**	*
CD107a	Ad	***	***	***	**	***	***	*	**
	Ch	*		**	**
	El	***	**	**	***	**	*	**

Gastric LPMC CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T_RM and PBMC T_EM responses (IL-2, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, TNF-α, IL-17A, and CD107a) to stimulation by two mitogens (SEB and anti-CD3/CD28) were determined and compared to media stimulation (negative control) in adults (Ad), children (Ch), and the elderly (El). Significant differences are shown in highlighted colors as determined by Mann–Whitney tests. Adults: n = 8; children: n = 5; elderly: n = 7. Empty (white) cells indicate non-significant differences between stimulated and non-stimulated (media) cultures as determined by Mann–Whitney tests.

^a Anti-CD3/CD28 beads; ^bAdults; ^cChildren; ^dElderly; ^eLight green color = significant increase in cytokine production compared to media stimulation, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005.