Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios† and 95% confidence interval for a gestational weight gain higher than the IOM’s recommendation (GWG > IOM rec.) with gestational weight gain according to the IOM’s recommendations (GWG = IOM rec.) as reference for birth outcomes among 29 931 nulliparous and 26 170 parous women
| Weight class | High birth weight (>4500 g) | Gestational hypertension | Preeclampsia | Emergency caesarean delivery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Nulliparous |
|
|
|
|
| Underweight |
Not estimable§ |
Not estimable§ |
1.83 (0.75,4.50) |
1.71 (0.85,3.43) |
| Normal weight |
2.65 (2.09,3.35)*** |
1.76 (1.41,2.20)*** |
2.44 (2.03,2.92)*** |
1.44 (1.28,1.62)*** |
| Overweight |
1.57 (1.05,2.35)* |
1.55 (1.03,2.32)* |
2.87 (1.96,4.88)*** |
1.42 (1.14,1.77)** |
| Obese |
1.50 (0.95,2.37) |
1.32 (0.80,2.17) |
1.70 (1.17,2.47)** |
1.39 (1.04,1.84)* |
|
Parous |
|
|
|
|
| Underweight |
2.90 (0.70,12.15) |
Not estimable§ |
4.63 (0.50,42.93) |
1.25 (0.40,3.91) |
| Normal weight |
2.03 (1.73,2.38)*** |
1.60 (1.14,2.25)** |
2.19 (1.62,2.96)* |
1.48 (1.23,1.78)*** |
| Overweight |
2.04 (1.56,2.66)*** |
1.14 (0.71,1.83) |
1.50 (1.01,2.24)* |
1.95 (1.41,2.69)*** |
| Obese | 2.19 (1.55,3.11)*** | 1.54 (0.91,2.59) | 1.49 (0.96,2.32) | 1.21 (0.85,1.73) |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.
†Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, maternal height, maternal education level, smoking in pregnancy, gestational length and diabetic conditions. § Too few cases.