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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2014;24(1):77–88. doi: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2014010118

Figure 4.

Figure 4

(a). IL-1b responses of differentiated THP-1 human macrophages over 24 hours when challenged with increasing particle dose of 5μm particles, where maximal stimulation is shown to occur at 10 particles/cell. Note p<0.001 where indicated by bars, one way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls Multiple comparison test of pairs. (b) TNF- α responses of differentiated THP-1 human macrophages at 1 hour post challenge with 5μm diameter particles, where maximal stimulation is shown to occur at 5 particles/cell. Note p<0.05 where indicated by bars, one way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls Multiple comparison test of pairs. (c) Fluorescent confocal microscopy and (d) transmission light microscopy of the same field of THP-1 macrophages after 2 hours of challenge with 5um sized spheres showing active phagocytosis and lysosome activation (fluorescently labeled OVA) associated with particle phagocytosis.