Table 2. Clinical assessment of nephritis and detection of anti-Clq antibodies in 31 studies.
| Reference | Renal Disease Reference standards | Immunoassay used | Cut-off for +ve result | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biopsy WHO GN types I-VI | Proteinuria(P)/ Creatinine (C) | RBC count/field | |||
| Siegert et al. [30] | 13/88 biopsy | P>0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
>10 | Lab -made | >137 U/ml |
| Siegert et al. [31] | 25/68 biopsy | P>0.5 g/24 h | RBCs in urine | Lab-made | >90 U/ml |
| Coremans et al. [27] | 17/33 biopsy | P>0.5 g/24 h | >5 | Lab-made | >90 U/ml |
| **Ravelli et al. [57] | 7/29 biopsy | P>0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
>10 | Lab-made | >mean 95% OD above 59 HC controls |
| Norsworthy et al. [29] | 37/199 biopsy | P>15 mg/ 24 h | >10 | Lab-made | >20 U + 5 SD above controls |
| Trendelenberg et al. [58] | 14/48 biopsy | Abnormal values of P | >20 | Lab-made | > 80 U/ml |
| Loizou et al. [59] | 31/56 biopsy | Abnormal P | NR | Lab-made | >20 U + 5 SD above controls |
| Moroni et al. [60] | biopsy | P>0.5 g/24 h | >5 | Lab-made | > 80 U/ml |
| Oelzner et al. [61] | 27/79 biopsy | P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h | NR | IMTEC | ≥ 30 U/ml |
| Marto et al. [62] | 77/151 biopsy | NR | NR | Diagenics | >18 U/ml |
| Sinico et al. [63] | 40/61 biopsy | P>2.0 g/24 h | NR | Lab-made | >55 U/ml |
| Jaekell et al. [64] | Some biopsy | P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
NR | Orgentec | >10 U/ml |
| **Kozyro et al. [65] | 12/112 biopsy | P>1 g/L | >20 | Bühlmann | >15 U/ml |
| Trendelenberg et al. [66] | 40/72 biopsy | NR | >20 | Bühlmann | >40 U/ml |
| Braun et al. [67] | 47/78 biopsy | NR | INOVA | >20 U/ml | |
| Meyer et al. [68] | 55/70 biopsy | P>0.5 g/dL/24 h Increased C |
Increased RBCs | Bühlmann | >32 U/ml |
| Smykal-Jankowiak et al. [69] | 37/48 Biopsy | P ≥ 0.5g/24 h serum C | Increased RBCs | Bühlmann | >32 U/ml |
| Fang et al. [70] | Biopsy | P>0.3 g/24 h Increased C |
≥ 5 | Lab-made | >mean OD + 2 SD above 63 controls |
| Tan et al. [45] | Biopsy | NR | NR | Lab-made | >mean OD + 2 SD above 100 controls |
| Cai et al. [71] | Biopsy | P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h | Increased RBCs | IMTEC | >20 U/ml |
| Mok et al. [72] | NR | NR | NR | Euroimmun | NR |
| Pradhan et al. [73] | Biopsy | NR | NR | Binding Site | >8 U/ml |
| Katsumata et al. [33] | 20/126 Biopsy | P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h | NR | Bühlmann | >40 U/ml |
| **Wu et al. [74] | 28/90 Biopsy | P ≥ 50 mg/Kg/24 h Increased C | NR | Lab-made | >mean OD + 1 SD (40 U/ml) above controls |
| Zhang et al. [75] | 5/49 Biopsy | P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h | Increased RBCs | Euroimmun | ≥ 20U/ml |
| Pradhan et al. [76] | 45/60 Biopsy | NR | NR | Autostat II C1q-CIC | ≥ 50 μg/ml anti-C1q |
| Bernstein et al. [26] | 8/60 Biopsy | P > 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
NR | Lab-made | >mean OD + 2 SD above 30 inactive SLE controls |
| Haseley et al. [28] | 75/240 Biopsy | P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
>10 | Lab-made | >mean OD + 5 SD above 30 controls |
| Moura et al. [77] | No | P > 0.5 g/24 h Increased C |
NR | INOVA | >20 U/ml |
| De Moura et al. [78] | 15/62 Biopsy | P ≥ 0.5 g/24 h serum C | NR | Diagenics | ≥ 20 U/L |
| **Jesus et al. [79] | No | P ≥ 0.5g/24 h Increased C |
>10 | QUATA Lite | >20 U/ml |
**
Pediatric study
OD: Optical Density; NR: Not Recorded